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Shiv (weapon)
Shiv (possibly from the Romani word ''chivomengro'', "knife"), also ''chiv'', is a slang term for any sharp or pointed implement used as a knife-like weapon. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' suggests ''shive'', a razor, documented in 1915, as the root word.〔''Oxford English Dictionary'' (Second edition), 1989; online version December 2011. (shiv, n. ); accessed 30 January 2012.〕 In the 1920s, "shiv" was also a common slang term for a bladed weapon, mostly a knife.〔http://local.aaca.org/bntc/slang/slang.htm〕 In the U.S., these improvised prison knives are often called shanks.
The word in practical usage is frequently used when referring to an ''improvised'' bladed weapon. Shivs are commonly made by inmates in prisons across the world. A shiv can be anything from a glass shard with fabric wrapped around one end to form a handle, to a razor blade stuck in the end of a toothbrush. Synonyms include shank,〔http://onlineslangdictionary.com/meaning-definition-of/shank, accessed 26 November 2012.〕 chiv, and chib (from Scottish slang, as exemplified in the novel ''Trainspotting'', "chib" was originally a name for a blunt weapon such as a mattock handle or tree branch). These terms, along with "shiv", can be used either as a noun or a transitive verb, referring to the weapon or the act of attacking with such a weapon respectively.
In the 1950s, British criminal Billy Hill described his use of the shiv: "I was always careful to draw my knife down on the face, never across or upwards. Always down. So that if the knife slips you don't cut an artery. After all, chivving is chivving, but cutting an artery is usually murder. Only mugs do murder."〔Duncan Campbell, "When crime grabbed the limelight",();accessed 16 December 2012,''The Guardian'', 30 July 2008, retrieved 2012-01-29.〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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